Preliminary psychometric evidence for PLAYfun and PLAYself among Indonesian elementary school students: Item validity and internal consistency
Keywords:
Internal consistency, Item validity, Physical literacy, PLAYfun, PLAYselfAbstract
Background: Physical literacy encompasses motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding that support lifelong engagement in physical activity. Assessing physical literacy in children requires instruments that are contextually relevant and demonstrate adequate psychometric properties.
Objective: This study aimed to provide preliminary psychometric evidence for culturally adapted versions of PLAYfun and PLAYself in the Indonesian context by examining item–total relationships and internal consistency among elementary school students.
Methods: A total of 71 fifth-grade students aged 10–11 years from three elementary schools in Pekalongan Regency participated in the study. PLAYfun comprised 18 motor-skill assessment items, whereas PLAYself consisted of 21 self-report items. Two PLAYself activities were modified to improve their geographical and cultural relevance to the Indonesian context. Item–total relationships were examined using Pearson correlations and corrected item–total correlations (CITC), while internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.
Results: For PLAYfun, item–total correlations ranged from 0.504 to 0.893, with very high internal consistency (α = 0.955). For PLAYself, item–total correlations ranged from 0.265 to 0.912, with high internal consistency (α = 0.895). However, five PLAYself items (PS5, PS6, PS7, PS8, and PS19) showed CITC values below 0.30, indicating relatively weak contributions to scale consistency and suggesting the need for further evaluation.
Conclusion: These findings provide preliminary psychometric support for PLAYfun and PLAYself within the elementary-school context examined; however, further validation involving larger and more diverse samples, factor-structure analyses, and additional reliability testing is required before broader use.
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The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to appropriate ethical and privacy considerations.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ropik Hidayat, Heny Setyawati, Siti Baitul Mukarromah (Author)
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