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  • Comparison of changes in estimated VO₂max following fartlek and continuous running training in adolescent pencak silat practitioners

    Muhammad Rivandy, Dani Nur Riyadi (Author)
    2026-09-30
    doi https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.7
    Published Online: 30 September 2026
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    0 views | 0 downloads | page 39-44
    Abstract

    Background: Cardiorespiratory endurance is an important component of performance in pencak silat because competition requires athletes to sustain high-intensity activity across repeated bouts interspersed with recovery periods. However, evidence comparing changes in aerobic capacity following fartlek and continuous running training among adolescent pencak silat practitioners remains limited.
    Objective: This study aimed to compare changes in estimated VO₂max following fartlek and continuous running training among students participating in a pencak silat extracurricular program.
    Methods: A two-group pretest–posttest design was used involving 24 students from SMP Darul Ikhlas Cikarang. Participants were selected using total sampling and were equally allocated to a fartlek group (n = 12) and a continuous running group (n = 12) through ordinal pairing. Estimated VO₂max was assessed using the 20-m Multistage Fitness Test before and after the training program. Data were analyzed using assumption tests, paired-samples t-tests to evaluate within-group changes, and an independent-samples t-test to compare changes between groups at a significance level of 0.05.
    Results: Estimated VO₂max in the fartlek group increased from 33.48 to 40.10, while the continuous running group increased from 33.20 to 38.50. Both groups showed significant improvements; however, no significant difference was found in the change in estimated VO₂max between the fartlek and continuous running groups (t = 0.693, df = 22).
    Conclusion: These findings indicate that both training programs were associated with improvements in estimated VO₂max, but the study did not provide evidence that one method produced a greater improvement than the other.

    APA Citation Style
    Rivandy, M. , & Riyadi, D. N. (2026). Comparison of changes in estimated VO₂max following fartlek and continuous running training in adolescent pencak silat practitioners. Physical Education Learning, Teaching, and Assessment, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.7

  • Improving short-distance sprint performance through the Teaching at the Right Level approach

    Putri Diana Sari, Wahyu Indra Bayu, Herri Yusfi, Meirizal Usra (Author)
    2026-09-10
    doi https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.5
    Published Online: 10 September 2026
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    0 views | 0 downloads | page 1-7
    Abstract

    Background: Physical literacy encompasses motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding that support lifelong engagement in physical activity. Assessing physical literacy in children requires instruments that are contextually relevant and demonstrate adequate psychometric properties.
    Objective: This study aimed to provide preliminary psychometric evidence for culturally adapted versions of PLAYfun and PLAYself in the Indonesian context by examining item–total relationships and internal consistency among elementary school students.
    Methods: A total of 71 fifth-grade students aged 10–11 years from three elementary schools in Pekalongan Regency participated in the study. PLAYfun comprised 18 motor-skill assessment items, whereas PLAYself consisted of 21 self-report items. Two PLAYself activities were modified to improve their geographical and cultural relevance to the Indonesian context. Item–total relationships were examined using Pearson correlations and corrected item–total correlations (CITC), while internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.
    Results: For PLAYfun, item–total correlations ranged from 0.504 to 0.893, with very high internal consistency (α = 0.955). For PLAYself, item–total correlations ranged from 0.265 to 0.912, with high internal consistency (α = 0.895). However, five PLAYself items (PS5, PS6, PS7, PS8, and PS19) showed CITC values below 0.30, indicating relatively weak contributions to scale consistency and suggesting the need for further evaluation.
    Conclusion: These findings provide preliminary psychometric support for PLAYfun and PLAYself within the elementary-school context examined; however, further validation involving larger and more diverse samples, factor-structure analyses, and additional reliability testing is required before broader use.

    APA Citation Style
    Sari, P. D. , Bayu, W. I. , Yusfi, H. , & Usra, M. (2026). Improving short-distance sprint performance through the Teaching at the Right Level approach. Physical Education Learning, Teaching, and Assessment, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.5
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