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  • Traditional games and motor and cognitive development in children with disabilities: A narrative review

    Ulfatul Azizah Awaliyyah, Cahulul Rizaldy Hasan, Fajar Awang Irawan (Author)
    2026-09-30
    doi https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.20
    Published Online: 30 September 2026
    |
    0 views | 0 downloads | page 61-69
    Abstract

    Background: Indonesian traditional games have potential as culturally relevant learning activities in adapted physical education for children with disabilities. However, evidence regarding their contributions to motor and cognitive development remains fragmented.
    Objective: This review aimed to examine and synthesize evidence on the role of Indonesian traditional games in supporting motor and cognitive development among children with disabilities.
    Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using a thematic narrative synthesis. Relevant literature was identified through Google Scholar, Scopus, and reference screening. Six primary studies published between 2014 and 2025 were examined according to participant characteristics, game types, study designs, outcome measures, and empirical findings.
    Results: Four studies employed research and development designs, one used classroom action research, and one adopted a qualitative approach. The findings indicated favorable trends in gross motor skills, particularly locomotor performance, balance, and coordination. A study involving the traditional Sikodoka game reported an increase in motor skill achievement from 38% at baseline to 95% after the second intervention cycle. Another study reported a reduction in running test time from 11.12 to 9.24 seconds following a traditional game-based intervention. However, most studies had methodological limitations, and none directly assessed cognitive function using specific validated measures.
    Conclusion: Indonesian traditional games show promise for supporting motor development and providing culturally relevant activities in adapted physical education. Nevertheless, evidence regarding cognitive benefits remains insufficient. Future research should employ controlled designs, validated motor and cognitive assessments, and longitudinal follow-up.

    APA Citation Style
    Awaliyyah, U. A. , Hasan, C. R. , & Irawan, F. A. (2026). Traditional games and motor and cognitive development in children with disabilities: A narrative review. Physical Education Learning, Teaching, and Assessment, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.20

  • Improving volleyball forearm-passing learning outcomes through the STAD cooperative learning model: A classroom action research study

    Frederich Moses Dawa, I Gst Ngr Agung Cahya Prananta, I Gede Agus Adi Saputra (Author)
    2026-09-30
    doi https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.13
    Published Online: 30 September 2026
    |
    0 views | 0 downloads | page 33-38
    Abstract

    Background: Low proficiency in volleyball forearm passing and limited active student participation are important challenges in physical education, particularly when opportu-nities for practice are constrained by limited equipment.
    Objective: This study aimed to improve students’ volleyball forearm-passing learning outcomes through the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model.
    Methods: A classroom action research design was employed across two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants were 36 tenth-grade students, including 14 boys and 22 girls. Instruction was organized into nine heterogeneous groups, while data were collected through observation, a forearm-passing performance test, and documentation. The data were analyzed descriptively using the number and percentage of students who met the mastery criterion.
    Results:   During the pre-action stage, 11 students (30.56%) achieved mastery. This num-ber increased to 16 students (44.44%) after Cycle I. Following instructional improvements in Cycle II, including the addition of practice aids to increase opportunities for practice, 33 students (91.67%) achieved mastery, exceeding the predetermined classical mastery crite-rion of 75%.
    Conclusion: These findings indicate that the progressive implementation of STAD, ac-companied by reflection and instructional modification, was associated with improved volleyball forearm-passing performance. Future research should include comparison groups, larger samples, and measures of skill retention to provide stronger evidence re-garding the effectiveness of STAD.

    APA Citation Style
    Dawa, F. M. , Prananta, I. G. N. A. C. , & Saputra, I. G. A. A. (2026). Improving volleyball forearm-passing learning outcomes through the STAD cooperative learning model: A classroom action research study. Physical Education Learning, Teaching, and Assessment, 33-38. https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.13

  • Comparison of changes in estimated VO₂max following fartlek and continuous running training in adolescent pencak silat practitioners

    Muhammad Rivandy, Dani Nur Riyadi (Author)
    2026-09-30
    doi https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.7
    Published Online: 30 September 2026
    |
    0 views | 0 downloads | page 39-44
    Abstract

    Background: Cardiorespiratory endurance is an important component of performance in pencak silat because competition requires athletes to sustain high-intensity activity across repeated bouts interspersed with recovery periods. However, evidence comparing changes in aerobic capacity following fartlek and continuous running training among adolescent pencak silat practitioners remains limited.
    Objective: This study aimed to compare changes in estimated VO₂max following fartlek and continuous running training among students participating in a pencak silat extracurricular program.
    Methods: A two-group pretest–posttest design was used involving 24 students from SMP Darul Ikhlas Cikarang. Participants were selected using total sampling and were equally allocated to a fartlek group (n = 12) and a continuous running group (n = 12) through ordinal pairing. Estimated VO₂max was assessed using the 20-m Multistage Fitness Test before and after the training program. Data were analyzed using assumption tests, paired-samples t-tests to evaluate within-group changes, and an independent-samples t-test to compare changes between groups at a significance level of 0.05.
    Results: Estimated VO₂max in the fartlek group increased from 33.48 to 40.10, while the continuous running group increased from 33.20 to 38.50. Both groups showed significant improvements; however, no significant difference was found in the change in estimated VO₂max between the fartlek and continuous running groups (t = 0.693, df = 22).
    Conclusion: These findings indicate that both training programs were associated with improvements in estimated VO₂max, but the study did not provide evidence that one method produced a greater improvement than the other.

    APA Citation Style
    Rivandy, M. , & Riyadi, D. N. (2026). Comparison of changes in estimated VO₂max following fartlek and continuous running training in adolescent pencak silat practitioners. Physical Education Learning, Teaching, and Assessment, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.68536/pelta.v1i1.7
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